Vim documentation: gui_w32
main help file
*gui_w32.txt* For Vim version 5.5. Last change: 1999 Sep 14
VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
Vim's Graphical User Interface *gui-w32* *win32-gui*
1. Starting the GUI |gui-w32-start|
2. Vim as default editor |vim-default-editor|
3. Using the clipboard |gui-clipboard|
4. Shell Commands |gui-shell-win32|
5. Special colors |win32-colors|
6. Windows dialogs & browsers |gui-w32-dialogs|
7. Various |gui-w32-various|
Other relevant documentation:
|gui.txt| For generic items of the GUI.
|os_win32.txt| For Win32 specific items.
{Vi does not have a Windows GUI}
==============================================================================
1. Starting the GUI *gui-w32-start*
The Win32 GUI version of Vim will always start the GUI, no matter how you
start it or what it's called.
The GUI will always run in the Windows subsystem. Mostly shells automatically
return with a command prompt after starting gvim. If not, you should use the
"start" command:
start gvim [options] file ..
Note: All fonts (bold, italic) must be of the same size!!! If you don't do
this, text will disappear or mess up the display. Vim does not check the font
sizes. It's the size in screen pixels that must be the same. Note that some
fonts that have the same point size don't have the same pixel size!
Additionally, the positioning of the fonts must be the same (ascent and
descent).
The Win32 GUI has an extra menu item: "Window/Select Font". It brings up the
standard Windows font selector.
Setting the menu height doesn't work for the Win32 GUI.
*gui-win32-maximized*
If you want Vim to start with a maximized window, add this command to your
gvimrc file:
simalt ~x
*gui-w32s*
There is a specific version of gvim.exe that runs under the Win32s subsystem
of Windows 3.1 or 3.11. See |win32s|.
==============================================================================
2. Vim as default editor *vim-default-editor*
To set Vim as the default editor for a file type:
1. Start a Windows Explorer
2. Chose View/Options -> File Types
3. Select the path to gvim for every file type that you want to use it for.
(you can also use three spaces in the file type field, for files without an
extension).
In the "open" action, use
gvim "%1"
The quotes are required for using file names with embedded spaces.
When you open a file in Vim by double clicking it, Vim changes to that
file's directory.
If you want Vim to start full-screen, use this for the Open action:
gvim -c "simalt ~x" "%1"
Another method, which also works When you put Vim in another directory (e.g.,
when you have got a new version):
1. Put focus on a file you want Vim to use with
2. <Shift-F10>
3. <Open With...>
4. <Other...>
5. Browse to the (new) location of Vim and click <Open>
6. <Always Use this program...> checked
7. <OK>
*send-to-menu* *sendto*
You can also install Vim in the "Send To" menu:
1. Start a Windows Explorer
2. Navigate to your sendto directory:
Windows 95: %windir%\sendto (e.g. "c:\windows\sendto")
Windows NT: %windir%\profiles\%user%\sendto (e.g.
"c:\winnt\profiles\mattha\sendto").
3. Right-click in the file pane and select New->Shortcut
4. Follow the shortcut wizard, using the full path to VIM/GVIM.
When you 'send a file to Vim', Vim changes to that file's directory. Note,
however, that any long directory names will appear in their short (MS-DOS)
form. This is a limitation of the Windows "Send To" mechanism.
*win32-popup-menu*
A more drastic approach is to install an "Edit with Vim" entry in the popup
menu for the right mouse button. With this you can edit any file with Vim.
*install-registry*
You can add this in an easy way by using the "install.exe" program. It will
add two registry entries for you.
You can also do this by hand:
1. Start the registry editor with "regedit".
2. Add two keys:
key value
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\Vim Edit with &Vim
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\Vim\command {path}\gvim.exe "%1"
Replace {path} with the path that leads to gvim.exe.
Don't forget the double quotes around %1, file names with a space won't
work.
NOTE: Problems have been reported with using this in combination with the
MS-Office taskbar. This appears to be a problem in MS-Office. Don't
use this if you want to use the MS-Office taskbar.
To remove "Edit with Vim" from the popup menu, just remove the registry
entries mentioned above.
If you notice that this entry overrules other file type associatons, set those
associations again by hand (using Windows Explorer, see above). This only
seems to happen on some Windows NT versions (Windows bug?).
==============================================================================
3. Using the clipboard *gui-clipboard*
Windows has a clipboard, where you can copy text to, and paste text from. Vim
supports this in several ways. For other systems see |gui-selections|.
The "* register reflects the contents of the clipboard. |quotestar|
When the "unnamed" string is included in the 'clipboard' option, the unnamed
register is the same. Thus you can yank to and paste from the clipboard
without prepending "* to commands.
The 'a' flag in 'guioptions' is not included by default. This means that text
is only put on the clipboard when an operation is performed on it. Just
Visually selecting text doesn't put it on the clipboard. When the 'a' flag is
included, the text is copied to the clipboard even when it is not operated
upon.
To use the standard MS-Windows way of CTRL-X, CTRL-C and CTRL-V, use the
$VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim script. You could add this line to your _vimrc file:
source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim
Since CTRL-C is used to copy the text to the clipboard, it can't be used to
cancel an operation. Use CTRL-Break for that.
*CTRL-V-alternative*
Since CTRL-V is used to paste, you can't use it to start a blockwise Visual
selection. You can use CTRL-Q instead. You can also use CTRL-Q in Insert
mode and Command-line mode to get the old meaning of CTRL-V.
NOTE: The clipboard support still has a number of bugs. See |todo|.
==============================================================================
4. Shell Commands *gui-shell-win32*
Vim uses another window for external commands, to make it possible to run any
command. The external command gets its own environment for running, just like
it was started from a DOS prompt.
*win32-vimrun*
Executing an external command is done indirectly by the "vimrun" command. The
"vimrun.exe" must be in the path for this to work. Or it must be in the same
directory as the Vim executable. If "vimrun" cannot be found, the command is
executed directly, but then the DOS window closes immediately after the
external command has finished.
WARNING: If you close this window with the "X" button, and confirm the
question if you really want to kill the application, Vim may be killed too!
(This does not apply to commands run asynchronously with ":!start".)
In Windows 95, the window in which the commands are executed is always 25x80
characters, to be as DOS compatible as possible (this matters!). The default
system font is used. On NT, the window will be the default you have set up for
"Console" in Control Panel. On Win32s, the properties of the DOS box are
determined by _default.pif in the windows directory.
*msdos-mode*
If you get a dialog that says "This program is set to run in MS-DOS mode..."
when you run an external program, you can solve this by changing the
properties of the associated shortcut:
- Use a Windows Explorer to find the command.com that is used. It can be
c:\command.com, c:\dos\command.com, c:\windows\command.com, etc.
- With the right mouse button, select properties of this command.com.
- In the Program tab select "Advanced".
- Unselect "MS-DOS mode".
- Click "OK" twice.
*win32-!start*
Normally, Vim waits for a command to complete before continuing (this makes
sense for most shell commands which produce output for Vim to use). If you
want Vim to start a program and return immediately, you can use the following
syntax on W95 & NT:
:!start {command}
On Win32s, you will have to go to another window instead. Don't forget that
you must tell Windows 3.1x to keep executing a DOS command in the background
while you switch back to Vim.
==============================================================================
5. Special colors *win32-colors*
On Win32, the normal DOS colors can be used. See |dos-colors|.
Additionally the system configured colors can also be used. These are known
by the names Sys_XXX, where XXX is the appropriate system color name, from the
following list (see the Win32 documentation for full descriptions). Case is
ignored. note: On Win32s not all of these colors are supported.
Sys_3DDKShadow Sys_3DFace Sys_BTNFace
Sys_3DHilight Sys_3DHighlight Sys_BTNHilight
Sys_BTNHighlight Sys_3DLight Sys_3DShadow
Sys_BTNShadow Sys_ActiveBorder Sys_ActiveCaption
Sys_AppWorkspace Sys_Background Sys_Desktop
Sys_BTNText Sys_CaptionText Sys_GrayText
Sys_Highlight Sys_HighlightText Sys_InactiveBorder
Sys_InactiveCaption Sys_InactiveCaptionText Sys_InfoBK
Sys_InfoText Sys_Menu Sys_MenuText
Sys_ScrollBar Sys_Window Sys_WindowFrame
Sys_WindowText
Probably the most useful values are
Sys_Window Normal window background
Sys_WindowText Normal window text
Sys_Highlight Highlighted background
Sys_HighlightText Highlighted text
These extra colors are also available:
Gray, Grey, LightYellow, SeaGreen, Orange, Purple, SlateBlue, Violet,
*rgb.txt*
Additionally, colors defined by a "rgb.txt" file can be used. This file is
well known from X11. A few lines from it:
255 218 185 peach puff
205 133 63 peru
255 181 197 pink
This shows the layout of the file: First the R, G and B value as a decimal
number, followed by the name of the color. The four fields are separated by
spaces.
You can get an rgb.txt file from any X11 distribution. It is located in a
directory like "/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/". For Vim it must be located in the
$VIMRUNTIME directory. Thus the file can be found with "$VIMRUNTIME/rgb.txt".
==============================================================================
*gui-w32-dialogs* *dialog*
6. Windows dialogs & browsers
The Win32 GUI can use familiar Windows components for some operations, as well
as the traditional interface shared with the console version.
6.1 Dialogs
The dialogs displayed by the "confirm" family (i.e. the 'confirm' option,
|:confirm| command and |confirm()| function are GUI-based rather than the
console-based ones used by other versions. There is no option to change this.
6.2 File Browsers
When prepending ":browse" before file editing commands, a file requester is
used to allow you to select an existing file. See |:browse|.
6.3 Tearoff Menus
The Win32 GUI emulates Motif's tear-off menus. At the top of each menu you
will see a small graphic "rip here" sign. Selecting it will cause a floating
window to be created with the same menu entries on it. The floating menu can
then be accessed just as if it was the original (including sub-menus), but
without having to go to the menu bar each time.
This is most useful if you find yourself using a command buried in a sub-menu
over and over again.
The tearoff menus can be positioned where you like, and always stay just above
the Main Vim window. You can get rid of them by closing them as usual; they
also of course close when you exit Vim.
*:tearoff* *:te*
:te[aroff] {name} Tear-off the menu {name}. The menu named must have at
least one subentry, but need not appear on the
menu-bar (see |win32-hidden-menus|).
Example:
:tearoff File
will make the "File" menu (if there is one) appear as a tearoff menu.
:amenu ]Toolbar.Make :make<CR>
:tearoff ]Toolbar
This creates a floating menu that doesn't exist on the main menu-bar.
Note that a menu that starts with ']' will not be displayed.
==============================================================================
7. Various *gui-w32-various*
*gui-w32-printing*
The "File/Print" menu uses Notepad to print the current buffer. This is a bit
clumsy, but it's portable. If you want something else, you can define your
own print command. For example, you could replace Notepad with Editpad
(www.tornado.be/~johnfg). See $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim for how it works by
default.
Using this should also work:
:w >>prn
Vim supports a number of standard MS Windows features. Some of these are
detailed elsewhere: see |'mouse'|, |win32-hidden-menus|.
*drag-n-drop-win32*
You can drag and drop one or more files into the vim window, where they will
be opened as normal. If you hold down Shift while doing this, Vim changes to
the (first) dropped file's directory. If you hold Ctrl Vim will always split
a new window for the file. Otherwise it's only done if the current buffer has
been changed.
You can also drop a directory's icon, but rather than open all files in the
directory (which wouldn't usually be what you want) Vim instead changes to
that directory and begins a new file.
*:simalt* *:si*
:si[malt] {key} simulate pressing {key} while holding Alt pressed.
{not in Vi} {only for Win32 versions}
Normally, Vim takes control of all Alt-<Key> combinations, to increase the
number of possible mappings. This clashes with the standard use of Alt as the
key for accessing menus.
The quick way of getting standard behavior is to set the 'winaltkeys' option
to "yes". This however prevents you from mapping Alt keys at all.
Another way is to set 'winaltkeys' to "menu". Menu shortcut keys are then
handled by windows, other ALT keys can be mapped. This doesn't allow a
dependency on the current state though.
To get round this, the :simalt command allows Vim (when 'winaltkeys' is not
"yes") to fake a Windows-style Alt keypress. You can use this to map Alt key
combinations (or anything else for that matter) to produce standard Windows
actions. Here are some examples:
:map <M-f> :simalt f<CR>
This makes Alt-F pop down the 'File' menu (with the stock Menu.vim) by
simulating the keystrokes Alt, F.
:map <M-Space> :simalt ~<CR>
This maps Alt-Space to pop down the system menu for the Vim window. Note that
~ is used by simalt to represent the <Space> character.
:map <C-n> :simalt ~n<CR>
Maps Control-N to produce the keys Alt-Space followed by N. This minimises the
Vim window via the system menu.
*intellimouse-wheel-problems*
When using the Intellimouse mouse wheel causes Vim to stop accepting input, go
to:
ControlPanel - Mouse - Wheel - UniversalScrolling - Exceptions
And add gvim to the list of applications. This problem only appears to happen
with the Intellimouse driver 2.2 and when "Universal Scrolling" is turned on.
top - main help file